Library of facilitation techniques

Critical Thinking Workshop Activities

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IAF is a worldwide community of facilitators promoting excellence in the use of professional group process facilitation to create engagement and impact.

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Liberating Structures

W³ - What, So What, Now What?

Instead of altering our beliefs to fit new information, we often force information to fit our existing beliefs.

W3 helps groups break this pattern by reflecting on a shared experience in a way that builds understanding and spurs coordinated action while avoiding unproductive conflict.

Progressing in stages makes this practical: collecting facts (What Happened), making sense of them (So What), and identifying what actions logically follow (Now What). Every voice is heard while simultaneously sifting for insights and shaping new direction.

The shared progression eliminates most of the misunderstandings that otherwise fuel disagreements about what to do — enlivening LS Principle #4, Learn by Failing Forward. Voila!

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Hyper Island

Team Self-Assessment

This is a structured process designed for teams to explore the way they work together. The tight structure supports team members to be open and honest in their assessment. After reflecting as individuals, the team builds a collective map which can serve as the basis for further discussions and actions. The assessment is based around 6 dimensions. Each one encouraging the team to reflect and analyse a different and crucial element of their behaviour.

Liberating Structures

Nine Whys

With breathtaking simplicity, you can rapidly clarify for individuals and a group what is essentially important in their work. You can quickly reveal when a compelling purpose is missing in a gathering and avoid moving forward without clarity. When a group discovers an unambiguous shared purpose, more freedom and more responsibility are unleashed. You have laid the foundation for spreading and scaling innovations with fidelity.
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Thiagi Group

Social Virus

We all know how quickly the cold or flu can spread through the office, but we don't often think about how contagious our emotions can be. This exercise provides a brief simulation of how quickly both negative and positive emotions can be transmitted. One participant is selected to be the Negative Infector General and asked to infect others with a negative emotion. During the next round, you pretend to select another participant to be the Positive Infector General. At the end of the second round, participants are surprised to find out that they became more positive even though no one initiated the emotion.
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Hyper Island

Personal SWOB Assessment

A versatile workshop for personal assessment and action planning, in which participants use the SWOB model (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Barriers) to assess themselves, reflect upon key areas for development and create a concise action plan. It includes an interactive component, in which participants work in small groups coaching each other to make their action plans as clear and achievable as possible.

Liberating Structures

Creative Destruction (TRIZ)

In Creative Destruction, groups imagine how to achieve the worst possible results. By asking “What must we stop doing to make progress on our deepest purpose?” participants can have fun, courageous conversations about letting go. Since laughter often erupts, issues that are otherwise taboo get a chance to be aired and confronted. With creative destruction come opportunities for renewal as local action and innovation rush in to fill the vacuum. Whoosh!

This structure embodies LS Principle #8, Invite Creative Destruction to Enable Innovation

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Liberating Structures

Critical Uncertainities

In Critical Uncertainties, groups develop strategies for handling factors that are impossible to predict or control. This helps to quickly test strategies and improve our ability to respond to future challenges. Rather than creating fixed plans, this structure builds creative adaptability, enabling groups to envision multiple futures, articulate higher-order goals, and act flexibly. It brings to life LS Principle #7, Emphasize Possibilities: Believe Before You See.

Liberating Structures

Agreement-Certainty Matrix

You can help individuals or groups avoid the frequent mistake of trying to solve a problem with methods that are not adapted to the nature of their challenge. The combination of two questions makes it possible to easily sort challenges into four categories: simple, complicated, complex, and chaotic

  • A problem is simple when it can be solved reliably with practices that are easy to duplicate. 
  • It is complicated when experts are required to devise a sophisticated solution that will yield the desired results predictably. 
  • A problem is complex when there are several valid ways to proceed but outcomes are not predictable in detail. 
  • Chaotic is when the context is too turbulent to identify a path forward. 

A loose analogy may be used to describe these differences: simple is like following a recipe, complicated like sending a rocket to the moon, complex like raising a child, and chaotic is like the game “Pin the Tail on the Donkey.” 

The Liberating Structures Matching Matrix in Chapter 5 can be used as the first step to clarify the nature of a challenge and avoid the mismatches between problems and solutions that are frequently at the root of chronic, recurring problems.